Liquid Crystals for Electro-optic Applications
نویسندگان
چکیده
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 1. Electro-Optic Response of Liquid Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 2. The Liquid Crystalline State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3. Physical Properties of Liquid Crystals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.1. Optical Anisotropy (Birefringence) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 3.2. Dielectric Anisotropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 3.3. Elastic Constants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.4. Viscosity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.5. Spontaneous Polarization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 4. Liquid Crystal Display Devices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 5. Addressing Methods for LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.1. Direct Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.2. Multiplex Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 5.3. Active Matrix Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 6. Alignment Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 7. Compensation Films for LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 8. Electrically Controlled Birefringence LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 9. ECB-LCD Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 9.1. Off State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 9.2. On State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 10. Nematic Materials of Negative Dielectric Anisotropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 11. Twisted Nematic LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 12. TN-LCD Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 12.1. Off State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 12.2. On State . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 13. Nematic Materials of Positive Dielectric Anisotropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 13.1. Nematics for Direct Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 13.2. Nematics for Multiplex Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 13.3. Nematics for Active Matrix Addressing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 14. Supertwisted Nematic LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 15. STN-LCD Configurations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 15.1. Bistable Liquid Crystal Twist LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 15.2. Supertwisted Nematic Guest–Host LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 15.3. Superbirefringent Effect LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 15.4. Supertwisted Nematic LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 15.5. Optical Mode Interference LCDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
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